Examine some aspect of Plato's theory of the tripartite soul from Essay

Examine some aspect of Platos theory of the tripartite soul from Platos land - Essay ExampleThe main objective of this study is to exhaustively tackle this paramount issue by proposing common chord views first of all, Platos account of the soul would not have committed him to the view that deep down each part of the soul there are sub-divisions secondly, the harmony and unity of the soul lavnot be achieved by conversation and violence, but only through education. Lastly, by exploring Platos education program in The Republic, it is clearly evident that education is the fundamental means of bringing the three parts into harmony and thus makes them peerless rather than many (8). In the Republic, Plato strongly proposes that the human psyche is divided into three parts principally appetite, spirit and reason. Through the use of the tripartite soul theory, Plato effectively gives an account on how man can be virtuous. A man who is virtuous is champion whose three parts of his soul participate in their appropriate and efficient roles and they are in harmony with each other. It is clear that the paramount concept of straddle is not only fundamental to the just state but in like manner to the just man. In Platos view, the just man cannot be acknowledged without referring to his harmonious and orderly soul. Therefore, the human virtue is dependent on how these psychological members which are three can harmoniously interact with each other (17). The Tripartite mortal In order to elaborate that throng perform each of the three functions with different parts of their soul, Socrates puts earlier a dogma that one and the same thing cannot act or be affected in opposite ways at the same time in the same part of it and in carnal knowledge to the same object. This principle is referred to by scholars the Principle of Conflict or Principle of Opposites. In conformance to this principle, it is impossible for something to be at rest and in performance at the same time and in the same part of it. Plato deals with two probable objections to this principle to remove any ambiguities in using it. single is that it is wrong to say that a man, who is standing still and lamentable his hands, is at rest and in motion simultaneously. Rather, the statement should be that part of the man is standing still and another part of him is moving. The other one is that a spinning top whose circumference is in motion, but whose axis is at rest is moving in one respect but not in another. Plato at this juncture thinks that this noble principle is valid and thus goes on to use it in order to exhibit that there are three parts in the soul (22). Plato states that dissent and assent, aversion and impulse to something are opposite states or actions. Thus, thirst, crave and appetite desires can be classified as impulses to drink and food. Consequently, man is sometimes unwilling to go through or drink yet he is hungry or thirsty. Thus, according to the Principle o f Opposites, there is an element which is different from the one that drives people to crave for food or drink, preventing people from craving it. The element preventing people from giving way to various unhealthy cravings is reason (39). Additionally to the function of prevention, characterization of reason by Plato is through numerous different ways. Reason is said to be the calculative or reflective element. It is also

Facilitating Learning and Teaching Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Facilitating Learning and Teaching - Essay ExampleReflection is a way in which professionals can bridge the theory- make gap, based on the potential of condemnation to uncover association in and on action (Schon, 1983 cited in Taylor, 2006). (Taylor, 2006) in his book defined reflection in to a greater extent broad way, Reflection is the throwing back of thoughts and memories, in cognitive acts such as believeing, contemplation, meditation and any separate form of attentive consideration, in order to make sense of them, and to make contextually appropriate changes if they be required. When we use reflection it enable us to explore what is beyond the line of vision and to look well-nigh and find out what is behind. Reflection in nursing education allows students to express their learning which occurred in the clinical placement (Kuiper & Pesut, 2004). The reflection can confirm and correct actions. Doing that equips you translate strategies successfully in the new situations and glide by development. Also when problems exist it enables you to avoid using the previous solutions in the new similar situations and try other new ways of actions (Jones, 201011) Reflection is divided in to two types, reflection in action and reflection on action, identified by Donald Schon (1983) Cited by Jasper (2003). Reflection in action is the way that people think and theorise about practice while they are doing it. It is an automatic activity occurs during situation in the practice in every day practice. Reflection on action involves us in consciously exploring get word and thinking about practice after it has occurred to discover the knowledge used in the situation. This occurs by dint of analysis, interpretation, and the recombination of randomness about the start out so that the new perspectives are found about that what has happened. It is an active process that changes the experience to knowledge by thinking, analyzing and describing the situation. In this paper w ork I am sack to reflect on a lecture given by me for midwives students and will use reflection on action through following Gibbs reflection framework (Rolf et al,200118 & Jasper 20036). This reflection framework model is developed by whole meal flour Gibbs in 1998. It consists of six stages that guide you through the process of reflection by asking a square up of question divided in the cycle stages. The stages are description, feelings, evaluation, analysis, conclusion and action plan (Jasper, 200378). Description contact with the lecturer was made two week before the lecture day, which gave enough time to read, plan and piece for the lecture. The lecture subject and the time were discussed between me and the module lecturer. The topic was about kidney and urine formation, covering skeletal frame and pathophysiology. It was the last session on a Friday and the students are eager to go home and start their spend I arrived one hour before the session, to meet the lecturer and to show here the material, the case studies cerebrate to the subject and the multiple plectron questions. After that we discussed the session plan and she suggested to amend one multiple choice question and it was done. We arrived in the class room and the lecturer introduced me and my lad and informed the student that we are going to give todays lectures. My colleague started her lecture that was about body fluids. I sat on the side to take some notes that will be useful to include in my session. After my colleague

Macroeconomic Outlook for Oil Prices Owing to Unrest in the Middle Essay

Macroeconomic Outlook for Oil Prices Owing to Unrest in the Middle einsteinium - Essay ExampleSo if for example, we choose to use oil as source of energy kind of of thermal or wind, we ar trading off thermal or wind for oil as source of energy. Economics is also about cost and benefit analysis. This is because when we try to solve our economic problems and shuffling choices, we look at it through economic perspective by comparing the costs and benefits of our choices. By utilize oil for energy source means that its costs and benefits ar favorable over the other alternatives, thermal and wind sources. B. Market, Demand and Supply Just like any good in the market, oil motivation and proviso atomic number 18 affected by several factors in the market. Any change in its take in and supply impart affect its price and its impact forget be felt by the firm economy as well. 1. Market Market is solely a mechanism or arrangement which brings buyers or shooters and sellers or supp liers of a good or military service into contact with one another (McConnell and Brue 2002, 49). In this article, we will be analyzing the oil market, meaning the mechanism or arrangement where the exchange happens between the buyers and sellers of oil. Buyers or demanders atomic number 18 the ones who ar willing and able to exchange their money for oil. On the other hand, sellers or suppliers atomic number 18 those who are willing and able to exchange their product which is oil for money. 2.Demand The report cited that the EIA forecasted demand for oil is usually in the middle of OPEC and EIA demand outlooks. Demand refers to the quantities of a specific good or service that people are willing to purchase at any apt(p) price during a specified time period, attached other things being constant (Miller 2004, 99). When taken singly, it is referred to as the... This essay presents a comprehensive analysis of the factors, find the oil price and its volumes of deliveries against t he background of worsening political situation in the Middle East.Market is simply a mechanism or arrangement which brings buyers or demanders and sellers or suppliers of a good or service into contact with one another. Demand refers to the quantities of a specific good or service that people are willing to purchase at any given price during a specified time period, given other things being constant. Supply is the amount of a particular good or service a seller or supplier is willing and able to produce and make available for sale at specific price and time. The total of all the supply available in a market will be the market supplyPrices affect market demand and supply but there are other factors present in the market that can cause changes and can determine market demand and supply. The surplus in oil stocks was forecasted because the demand is at slower rate than the production. So, if the oil suppliers will run producing oil at the same rate as before, they will be producing mo re than what the oil demanders are willing to buy from them. This situation will result to a surplus of oil in the market. To at least decrease the amount of surplus and bring the production near to equilibrium, OPEC members agreed to cut their supply by setting output quotas. The expectations about the future economic condition cause consumers to cut their spendings.

Journalist's Perspective Influences Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Journalists Perspective Influences - show ExampleTwo news articles virtually this yarn appeared in the Tulsa World immediately after the number occurred, one by Rhett Morgan and one entitled Kevin Durants life in a lockout. These articles were similar in their focus on the strange way the NBA lockout has affected Kevin Durant and their relatively conversational tone, but differed in their arcdegree of view, with one telling the story from Overbeys point of view and the other from Durants, and in their format, with the first being an in depth narrative and the second being a series of snippets putting the main story in context. The first article, by Morgan, begins by detailing the process by which Durant got involved in the sag football game, including the exchange of twitter messages that Durant and Overbey sent to each other. It then goes on to describe the game itself, how many an(prenominal) fans attended, how many touchdowns Durant threw and received and so on, before cl osing with a series of quotes by Overby about Durants amazing character, lauding what a humble and fun-loving person he was to come out to the flag football game. ... pastime this, it retells a large number of other activities that Durant has participated in since the NBA lockout began, including filming a movie, and performing pick-up basketball. The overall song of this article is relatively impersonal it attempts mostly to inform the reader about Durants activities during the NBA lockout. The first similarity that twain focus on the idea that the NBA lockouts have put players in strange positions, including this one of Durant playing a touch football game against a group of college students. The first article touches on the NBA lockout through Durants twitter messages. By quoting the detail that Durant complained that he was bored during the NBA lockout before requesting something to do, it draws the readers oversight to the fact that Durant would not have been willing to do this in all likelihood were it not for the lockout, a point the article reinforces by referencing the wiped out opening game of the Oklahoma City Thunder at the end of the article (Morgan). The second article takes a more direct approach, talking directly about the fact that Durant playing flag football is a direct result of the lockout. For instance, the article opens saying that Durant has kitty of free time do to the lockout, and puts the story of flag-football along with a laundry list of other things Durant has been doing to line the time since he is unable to play in the NBA (Life in a Lockout). Both articles select the lockout a central part of the story of Durant playing flag football. The second major similarity that both of these articles share is the fact they have a relatively conversational tone for an article in a major news publication. The first article

Benefits in Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Benefits in Business - Essay ExampleAs the research stresses there argon a number of ways of measuring the public sector information (PSI) and approximating the probable benefits of accessing it. The following verbal expression represents the relationship between the benefit and the cost.From this paper it is clear that after preparing a selective information sheet for the price transaction received at Land Registry for Lincolnshire, the average for the price was 175102, the count was 1244 and the sum was 217827032. The data for the month of June 2015 was evenly distributed with the highest data being cling to of cost being 877,500 pounds while the lowest value being 29,000 pounds. The measure of the spread of data shows that the cost of data distribution varies depending on the quantity of data being distributed on the internet. According to Lincolnshire records, the quantity of data distributed in the month of June 2015 amounts to 11 MB.The method employ in getting the highest phoebe bird and the lowest five prices is by arranging the data in an go order from the highest value to the lowest value. This makes it easy to identify the first five values and the last five values. These are the values that were used in constructing the table below. Once rearranged in a chronological manner, the gestate codes will automatically be rearranged in the excel sheet. The South Kesteven town was the only town to build the highest values whiles other towns such as West Lindsey, Lincoln, West Lindsey and East Lindsey experienced lower values.

The Strategic Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Strategic Management - Case Study fountA variety of tools and techniques for strategic management analysis and identification of the mission and vision of an entity were applied by the Power Consulting Group Inc. to the environmental and organizational situation of University of Northern British Columbia. Amongst the tools and techniques used, the stakeholder analysis and the macro origin techniques yielded the strongest recommendations as to the dodging that the University should adopt in order to align its mission, vision and objectives with a corresponding strategy.It is mathematical for us to use the tools and techniques to propose a suitable recommendation - this is possible because of the nature of the analysis. The methodologies applied agree been developed over the years by strategists and analysts having great experience in strategic management and the plan of strategic solutions for a wider variety of organizations than the average manager. Thus, keeping into view the factors in the University and its alliances, the Macro branch of the former school can be used as the primary analysis factor in proposing 2 broad strategies that the University can adopt. The current alliances of the University with governments, alumni endowments and exchange programs with international universities leads to the proposition that the University could work its strategy in two directionsThe two strategies have mer... A consolidation strategy aimed at no magnification, but improvement of the theatrical role of the students.The two strategies have merits and demerits of their own. The first strategy warrants newer alliances with local anesthetic high schools, downtown restaurants, cellular phone companies and flush to the extent of replacing Aramack by Starbucks at the campus. This strategy is entirely focused on growth and fender of the name of the University in all four directions - there is also the possibility of an MBA program institutionalized.The seco nd strategy is geared towards improving the quality of the student life and ensuring that the alliances made for this strategy are purely help the operational strategy of the University. By this it bastardlys that having scholarship alliances, environmental friendly food campaigns and clubs apart from alliances with local farmers and Canadian universities, the UNBC will be aiming to consolidate its existing position in order to trade its expansion strategies with a better exchange program for its students.Students would be benefiting from the Universitys alliances in many ways. The expansion strategy would mean that strategic alliances and partnerships would yields benefits for students in the form of discounted meals from restaurants, discounted computers and new packages and offers from cellular companies targeted especially towards the students of the University. The aim here would be to enter as many students as possible at the University so that the alliance partners would be able to benefit by the quantity of sales and revenues. On the other hand, the consolidation strategy would mean that students would be unclouded to more exchange programs in more countries and that there will be newer horizons for students to explore with

Gastroenterology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Gastroenterology - Essay ExampleSome of the diagnosis of chronic abdominal disquiet in a 50- year old admit cirrhosis, peptic ulcer disease (PUD) (duodenal), peptic ulcer disease (PUD) (gastric), and diverticulitis (Shahedi, 2015 Buttaro, Trybulski, Bailey, & Sandberg-Cook, 2013).I agree with Rachel Layson that through a thorough examination and history of the patient, a practician can tell whether the patient is suffering from acute or chronic abdominal melody. The diagnosis varies surrounded by a 20-year old and a 50-year old. A 20- year old suffering from acute abdominal pains presents the following diagnosis appendicitis, acute gastritis and bowel obstruction. While the diagnosis of chronic abdominal pains include irritable bowel syndrome, which is characterized by constipation and bloated feeling and inflammatory bowel diseases that affect a specialized part or the entire bowel. Acute abdominal pain in a 50-year old is diagnosed by the following appendicitis, acute gastriti s, and acute pancreatitis. While diagnosis for chronic abdominal pains include cirrhosis and diverticulitis (Rowe, 2015 Mayo Clinic,

Case Submission Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Case Submission - leaven ExampleAcceptance of offerSent by offereeI. Carlill v. Carbolic Smoke addict Company1. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopaediaJump to navigation, searchCarbolic Smoke Ball advertisementCarlill v. Carbolic Smoke Ball Company 1893 1 QB 256 is wiz of the most famous leading cases in English law that helped establish the requirements for the formation of a contract.B. limit1 Background2 Ruling3 Later influence4 External link up5 See alsoC. BackgroundThe Carbolic Smoke Ball Company made a harvest-home called a smoke ball that it claimed could protect the user from contracting influenza. The smoke ball was a condom ball with a tube attached. It was filled with carbolic acid (phenol). The tube was then inserted into the users nose. It was squeezed at the bottom to introduce the vapours into the nose of the user. This would cause the nose to run, and hopefully flush pop out the cold. In fact the agitation cause by the device would have probably increased su sceptibility to catching influenza.The Company published advertisements claiming that it would right 100 to anyone who got sick with influenza after using its ware according to the instructions set out in the advertisement.Specifically, they stated100 reward leave alone be paid by the Carbolic Smoke Ball Company to any person who contracts the increasing epiphytotic influenza, colds or any disease caused by pickings cold, after having used the ball three multiplication daily for two weeks according to the printed directions supplied each ball. thousand is deposited with the Alliance Bank, Regent Street, showing our sincerity in the matter.Mrs Carlill, relying on the promises made in the advertisement, bought one of the balls and used it in the manner specified, yet still managed to contract... The Carbolic Smoke Ball Company made a product called a smoke ball that it claimed could protect the user from contracting influenza. The smoke ball was a gum elastic ball with a tube at tached. It was filled with carbolic acid (phenol). The tube was then inserted into the users nose. It was squeezed at the bottom to oust the vapours into the nose of the user. This would cause the nose to run, and hopefully flush out the cold. In fact the agitation caused by the device would have probably increased susceptibility to catching influenza.100 reward will be paid by the Carbolic Smoke Ball Company to any person who contracts the increasing epidemic influenza, colds or any disease caused by taking cold, after having used the ball three times daily for two weeks according to the printed directions supplied each ball. 1000 is deposited with the Alliance Bank, Regent Street, showing our sincerity in the matter.The Carbolic Company claimed that there was no enforceable contract between it and the user of the smoke ball on the grounds that there was no acceptance of its offer, because Mrs Carlill had never nonified the Company that she accepted its offer, or consideration, since the Company did not receive any benefit from a purchasers use of the product once the sale had been completed.The court jilted

Contemporary Debates in Food and Farming Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Contemporary Debates in Food and Farming - Essay deterrent examplegases and climate change whereas growing population and globalization stimulate industrial and frugal product, the side personal effects of it be disturbing in terms of greenhouse gases emission and hence climate change. According to exhaust & Rust (2013, p. 255), climate change and its effects on existence on earth are turn more and more relevant as physical evidence of change in our climate is base to mount.Among numerous economic areas affecting condition of the atmosphere, inelegant sector is one of rather powerful factors. Agriculture is the sector aimed at production of food products and raw materials for other industry branches and employing about 1 billion people all over the world. As far as this sector is crucial for economic well-being, it is present almost in all countries of the world. Thus, due to economic reasons, environmental effect of agriculture is literally unavoidable for each of the coun tries with sylvan sector. The map presented in the go through 1 illustrates that almost all the countries are engaged in agricultural activity to certain extent.With the population growing rapidly, scientists of agricultural sector, demand for products of agricultural sector and particularly of animal origin is increasing worldwide (Webb & Erasmus, 2013, p. 413). Considering growing demand, specialists do their best deploying their scientific knowledge and developed technological means in order to intensify production of food. However, economic growth is connected to volumes of CO2 emissions produced by different industrial and agricultural enterprises. In the recent fifty years, amounts of greenhouse gas emissions in the sectors of forestry, fishery, crops cultivation and other agricultural segments have increased twice and are possible to keep increasing at a fast pace in future. As it is shown in the Figure 2, agricultural sector in the United States accounts for 10% of greenh ouse gas emissions (EPA, 2014). On the global scale, agricultural

Answer the question for criminal justice class Term Paper

Answer the question for criminal justice class - Term Paper object lessonChildren were adjudicated quickly just for very minor offences. Examples of the offences included cursing an adult as well as a slap fight in a gym class. These offences did not guaranty the children to be displace behind the bars. This juvenile center was more of business oriented while the juvenile center should be a non-profit organization (Ecenbarger 13). The children were also presented before the judge without a legal counsel. This indicates that the judge violated the ripe(p) to a legal counsel hence another aspect of constitutional violation.It is the responsibility of the government to run across the rights of every citizen both young and old are protected. There should be laws and directives highlighting the exact offences which warrant a youth to be sent behind bars. These should be formulated by the government. Failure to accompany with these directives hence violating the rights of these youth s, harsh terms need to be effected on the responsible people. This will keep open the evil judges and other people with violations intentions from executing their plans. Parents need to take the responsibility of protecting their children from creation violated in all means possible especially through academic systems. This is by speech to book the guys violating the rights of the

International Financial Institutions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

International Financial Institutions - Essay ExampleIt depends on the government of the recipient countries as to the utilization of aid funds and grants. Foreign assistance in the form of aid plays vital berth in development of an underdeveloped expanse to the extent that they atomic number 18 utilized properly. Government institutions have overly a significant role in the utilizing this amount. Good government policies non only help country in its development but also help in utilizing the donors money properly.Existing research e.g. side-whiskers and Dollar (1997), Mosley, Hudson and Verschoor (2004), Dalgaard, Hansen, and Tarp (2004), Burnside and Dollar (2000) etc. suggests that academicians and scholars stress greatly on the importance of recipient countrys policies in the effectiveness of aid. These authors regard aid as mellowly effective in poverty reduction and stinting development only if the recipient countrys policies are growth and development oriented. This suggests that although aid can contribute a lot towards economic development and prosperity, the result could be entirely opposite.Burnside and Dollar (1997) strongly complain that foreign aid departs to growth in poor countries with sound economic policies (p4). The authors identify certain good policies that belong to long-term growth in recipient countries including open trade regimes, fiscal discipline and avoidance of high inflation (p5). They take example of Botswana and Indonesia as countries that performed well after receiving foreign aid whereas the countries like Tanzania and Zambia could not perform well. They studied the purvey of bilateral aid in the period of Cold War and pitch that foreign aid provided to countries with poor economic policies such as Tanzania or Zambia was thoroughly wasted whereas it could lead to growth and development in countries with good economic policies. They argue that, in a sound policy environment, aid attracts cloistered investment, whereas in a poor policy environment, it displaces private investment. (p5). Hence, if the recipient countrys economic policies are good or growth oriented, infusion of foreign aid can accelerate the process of economic development. For instance, if the existing policies of a recipient country accentuate open trade environment and encourage private investment, aid can be effective in removing the financial hurdles in the way of industrialization. The subdivision of good and bad government policy is highly evident in the literature. The concept of good economic policy highlights the importance of aid allocation to the areas where it can be the most effective in saving the desired results. Mosley, Hudson and Verschoor expound that the marginal aid dollar should flow to where its effectiveness is highest, under the joint make for of existing policies and levels of poverty, not necessarily to where it is high (2004, F218). Hence, the policies of recipient government which are releva nt to the process of aid allocation truly determine the extent to which aid becomes effective in poverty reduction and economic growth or is simply wasted on less important issues. For example, if the goal of aid provision Dalgaard, Hansen, and Tarp sufficiently poor economic management,

My country is russia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

My country is russia - Essay ExampleAs Paltsev and Reilly (2009) point out, the US and Europe re of import careful of energy rich nations like Saudi Arabia and Russia. Weak Institutions Russia ranks 133rd out of 144 countries in the World stinting Forums (WEF) Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) 2012-2013. According to Aidis and Estrin (2005), the formal institutional environment is the main barrier in developing entrepreneurship in Russia. Corruption is the important factor due to the low income of the brass classes. Business cannot develop when property rights are not fully enforced, and in that location is no rule of fair play which provides a conducive environment for entrepreneurship. Adequate finance for private enterprise to flourish, is also lacking. Social wizard 100 billionaires own 30% personal wealth in Russia compared to a global figure of slight than 2%. Russia has a dearth in social capital, which is based on trust, values and ne bothrks. Putnam and Pollock cereb rate that social capital is the capacity for self-organization and collective action in pursuit of some special K good (Menyashev & Polishchuk, p 2). Social capital can lead to economic development in two ways. One is by cutting transaction constitutes in the private sector and the other by recuperateing a solution to the agency problem between the government and society. Policies Energy Scenario Russia has diversified to find new customers in China, Japan and North America for natural gas. The state-owned Gazprom owns most of the gas reserves and pipelines later on the Soviet disintegration. It has also created new pipelines that would bypass the other ex-Soviet republics. It has the eighth largest oil reserves in the world. performance of oil change magnitude from 2000 to 2004 after which there has been a slowdown. On the other hand, the electricity sector has been reorganized, which has attracted abroad players. Russia formed the Gas OPEC or Troika inspite of which, spare capacity has moved beyond the OPEC. When it moved beyond usual production by exploiting the Arctic and East Siberia, US became oil independent. Moreover, many countries also increased their oil production. When it reduced subsidies, maximized energy efficiency, and upgraded energy infrastructure, it did not offer reform to the sector and the politicized firms could not extend advantage of this development. The demand for oil reduced because of factors like energy efficiency measures, Europe bypassing Russia and the breakthrough in energy resources. This has been despite a growth in population of Russia. Weak Institutions Due to excessive bureaucracy, there is a growth in informal networks, which help to mobilize resources. There is intimacy and reciprocity in such networks. The entrepreneurs use only short-term finance which could point to an underdeveloped banking sector with poor related laws. The liability ratio is less than one which restricts the scale of enterprise whether a s a startup or for the purpose of expansion. Trade credit in the form of loans from one firm to another in the total chain is used and the profit earned is ploughed back into the business. Unclear bureaucratic policies increase the cost to business. According to Transparency International, public officials and civil servants, including the police, are the most corrupt institutions in Russia. In 2012, Russia bedded 101 in the overall quality of infrastructure. Though Russia is one of the most educated countries, the quality of fostering is declining. Life expectancy is low when compared to countries with similar GDP. The number of

What Is Eco-Social Market Economy Research Paper

What Is Eco-Social Market Economy - Research Paper ExampleFormulated as a network of individuals, organizations as well as groups, the Global Marshall Plan is aimed at achieving the eco-social securities industry scrimping with a view to bringing in changes that can sustain the planet earth. This research get out, therefore, provide an observational insight into the Global Marshall Plan for the eco-social market economy.This project will attempt to provide a comprehensive analysis of the impact of the Global Marshall Plan for developing an eco-social market economy. This research study, therefore, will attempt to evaluate the ideas, debates, practical actions taken by the organizations as well as groups and individuals in achieving the desired objectives. What is also critical to understand that this research project will attempt to provide a hornswoggle preview of how the implementation of the Global Marshall Plan can result in the creation of the eco-social market economy?Thi s research study aims to address the following research objectives- Whether implementation of the plan is practically assertable?- What shall be strategic direction of the actions to be undertaken?- Whether there is a need for implementing new regulations to achieve the mean objectives of the Plan- Whether there must be an adaptation of a global approach to achieve the objectives?- What shall be the business office of different stakeholders?The pace of economic development in the recent past, especially after World state of war 2 has been really quick which further allowed the organizations to exploit the resources at the speed that was really unprecedented in the human history. The increasing pace with which the forces of globalization took their place was something that has been relatively more quickly and with enormous consequences not for the economics as well as the social context of the economies but also the environment also.

Fertile Crescent Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Fertile crescent(prenominal) - Essay ExampleThe physical location of Garden of Eden is traditionally associated with the Fertile Crescent. Due to its rankness people settled around the area and as people settle, they were forced to engage in contrary activities to make their life comfortable. The Fertile Crescent is considered as the birthplace of urbanization, trade, science, writing, agriculture and organized religion. It was first live c.10,000BCE when the tameness of animal and agriculture began in the region. By 9,000 BCE, the cultivation of cereals and wild grains was widespread, and irrigation of crops was fully developed by 5,000BCE. The farming of wool-bearing sheep was practiced widely around 4,500BCE. Cities began to rise Eridu being the first according to Sumerians in 5,400 BCE, and accordingly Uruk and the others followed. These cities started to increase around 4,500 BCE and cultivation of wheat and grain was practiced in addition to the shape up domestication of a nimals. Image of the variety of dog known as the Saluki regularly appeared on vases and other ceramics as well as wall paintings by the year 3,500 BCE. Due to the fertility of the soil, people were encouraged for further cultivation of barley.Some of the first beer in the world was brewed in the great cities of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Ancient evidence of beer brewing comes from the Sumerian Godin Tepe settlement in modern-day Iran. From 3,400BC, the priests were in charge of the distribution of food and the careful monitoring of extravagance for trade.

International Differences in Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

International Differences in explanation - Essay ExampleIFRS 8 which replaced IAS14 (Deloitte & Touche, 2007), is the standard that deals with similar issues under IAS. Some of the major discordences observed betwixt SFAS 131 and IFRS 8 include the following (Deloitte & Touche, 2007)While IFRS requires that measures of segment liabilities be disclosed if those measures argon provided regularly to the promontory operating decision maker, under SFAS No. 131 such disclosures are not required.Under IFRS 8, the core dogma is physical exercised as the basis for determining the operating segments of an entity while under IFRS the products or services are used as the basis for determining the operating segments.Differences may also arise as a result of different interpretation of rules by companies in different countries despite the similarities that may exist surrounded by the rules. (Roberts et al, 2005). For example because many areas of explanation require the use of estimates, forecasts or judgments companies may differ in the commission they estimate, forecast or judge in different situations. (Roberts et al, 2005).A distinction must be make between news report r... (Roberts et al, 2005). For example because many areas of accounting require the use of estimates, forecasts or judgments companies may differ in the way they estimate, forecast or judge in different situations. (Roberts et al, 2005).iii. Differences in Preferred invoice Practice.A distinction must be made between accounting regulations or de jure issues, and actual practices, or de facto issues. (Weetman et al, 1998 Roberts et al, 2005). A number of options are contained in accounting regulations as well as there may also be a large number of issues which are not covered by accounting regulations at all, giving companies fifty-fifty more choice. (Roberts et al, 2005). While it is relatively straightforward (although not necessarily easy) to study the accounting practices of two countries , this may tell us relatively little about how similar the accounting practices of two companies actually are in areas were discretion exists. (Roberts et al, 2005). De facto practices may differ considerably across countries, even if there are few de jure differences. Alternatively, all companies, irrespective of country domicile, choose wherever possible to use similar methods, de facto differences may be less than de jure differences. (Roberts et al, 2005).b). Having place the ways accounting practices may differ, the study bequeath now take a look at the importance of the differences to preparers of financial reports and user groups. The main preparers identified by Roberts et al (2005), include companies while users include companies, investors and other user groups. Companies that carry out job in different carries such as multinational companies are

A Reflective Account of a Teaching Session about Changing a Stoma Essay

A thoughtful Account of a Teaching Session just about Changing a Stoma - Essay modelIt is thus important that on my part, I analyse my approach in inform to determine its effectiveness, strengths, weaknesses and what I should do to make it wear out. The best approach to examine my approach to breeding is definitely through the intent of Gibbs reflective cycle as it will enable me to reflect a great chaw in using one situation and analyse everything that occurred in it, relating my exploits to each result that occurred. Through Gibbs Reflective Cycle, I will analyse a case in which I taught a tolerant how to change a stoma. I will first describe the context of the teaching- how I acted and how the patient reacted. tally to Jasper (2003) this should be followed by analysing ones feelings in the situation and emotions at the event. One accordingly follows this up with an evaluation of the experience, find out which aspects turned out to be positive and which ones were not, and what failed to go according to plan. After this one needs to critically analyse the occurrence, establishing a conclusion on the entire experience and ultimately come up with an action plan to follow in case of a similar experience in the future. By the clip I am through with this, the teaching experience will be analysed in entirety and the close patient I teach how to change a stoma will have a better experience. The context of the teaching This is the first step of Gibbs Reflective cycle, where I will analyse what very happened as I taught the patient how to change the stoma. To begin with, the patient had undergone a process to due to a severe case of diverticulitis and was just about to be discharged. I visited her ward as was required of me and undertook to excuse to her how from that moment henceforth she would be changing the stoma. The patient was clearly in anxious emotional declare due to the surgery she had just undergone, although it had been very successful. As Winston et al (1987) so ably puts it, the pre-operative and post-operative emotional states of surgery patients is characterised by anxiety, misgivings, depression and irritability. Spielberger (1973) had earlier on suggested that patients usually get up anxiety to surgery as an emotional reaction towards situations that physically threatening, while Furst (1978) demonstrated that patients under surgery usually reported fear, apprehension, worry and uncertainty. completely this serve to explain the emotional status of my patient as at the time I was teaching her. I realise that even before I had started, she was in a state that would make it unvoiced to absorb what I was saying. I first explained briefly to the patient the procedure she had just gone through- the surgery, and a little about diverticulitis and stomas since I assumed she already had been informed. I told her that diverticulitis was a condition arising from inflamed pouches on her large intestines kat oncen as di verticula, and also informed her that it was not a rare condition since about 10% of Americans above the age of 40 have diverticula and of these, ten out of twenty five develop diverticulitis (Borgadus, 2006). On the stoma, I told her that it was a surgical bypass of her colon system which had been affected by the diverticulitis and now failed to function properly. I informed her that the colostomy meant that she had to have a bag for receiving fecal matter a star time (Stoma and Stomata, 2009). I could see that she was embarrassed by her condition and the life that she would lead from that henceforth. I then took the patient through the steps of changing a stoma. I used knowledge of the Honey and Mumford teaching and learning style to determine which kind of learner she was. The Honey and Mumford teaching and learning style identifies quaternion distinct preferences of learning styles,

The Central Nervous System from Superficial to Deep Essay Example for Free

The Central neuronal System from Superficial to Deep EssayPurposeThe purpose of this lab is to understand the way that restless trunk structures ar arranged inside of the brain from the well-nigh superior, which would be the cortex or telencephalon to the about outclassed, which would be the medulla oblongata. We ar observing all the structures in the brain, as well as the protective tissue that surrounds it.ProcedureI had to use Primal Pictures, as it was necessary to complete this lab. Once logged in, on that point is a list of choices to click on as to where you want to go. On the homepage, click on the 3D Head and Neck and then go to the Brain folder. Next click on Meninges to admission charge the pictures. Begin at floor 9. To identify the structures, just click on them. With Primal Pictures, there are variant controls on the page that cede us to be able to view the brain, or any structure that we are looking at from opposite angles and different layers. The re is alike a stocky of the structure that is being looked at. Using the guide that Dr. Poll has provided and Primal Pictures, we are to go through the different structures and gather all the information necessary to complete this lab.ResultsFollowing the guidelines on our instruction sheet, we were to begin at Layer 9 of the brain, which showed us the meninges. From here, we could see the structures that protect the brain. Brain protection begins with the skull it is the outermost layer. The three layers of meningeal linings are inferior to the skull. These include the dura mater, which is the outermost layer. It is also the toughest layer and in English is translated to fleshy m early(a). The dura mater has two layers. Inferior to the dura mater is the arachnoid mater. The most inferior layer of the meninges is the pia mater. It is also the deepest and softest layer. Next we looked at the sinuses that are part of the nervous formation in Layer 5. A sinus is a cavity within a b one or other tissue. They are channels, or pathways that connect together allowing drainage of the veins that are in the brain. In other words, they hunt down to help the collection and return flow of venous blood andcerebrospinal fluid drainage from the tissues and veins in the cerebrum. In Layer 4, we can see the falx cerebri. It is an infolding of the dura mater and separates the cerebral cerebral hemispheres. Now sorrowful to Layer 10 in the brain folder, we can observe the cerebral cortex and all the structures inferior to it.The outer surface of the cerebrum is the cerebral cortex. It is composed of gray matter and just inferior to it is the white mater. We also can see the corpus callosum, which is a large bundle of axons that connect the right cerebral hemisphere to the left cerebral hemisphere. These axons carry information, in the form of nerve impulses, from one hemisphere to the other. The lateral ventricles are superior to the diencephalon, but are inferior to the cor pus callosum. In Layer 3, we can see the humble ganglia. The basal ganglia form a set of interconnected nuclei in the forebrain. They receive a large quantity of input from cerebral cortex and after processing it, send it back to the cerebral cortex via thalamus. The different components of the basal ganglia are the caudate nucleus, the putamen and the globus pallidus. The caudate nucleus is the most superior part. It is superior and lateral when compared to the thalamus. The most lateral part of the basal ganglia is the putamen and the most medial part is the globus pallidus. The limbic system is a building complex set of brain structures that lie on both sides of the thalamus. It includes structures from the telencephalon, diencephalon, and mesencephalon.It includes the olfactory bulbs, hippocampus, and amygdala to name a few. This system supports many functions that include emotion, behavior, motivation, long-term memory, and olfaction. It is responsible for emotional life and has do with the formation of memories. The limbic system surrounds that structures that make up the diencephalon and is posterior to the temporal lobe. From the cerebrum view in Layer 5, we can commit the insula, or hidden lobe. It is posterior to the lateral sulcus. In other words, it is hidden beneath the lateral sulcus. In Layer 3, we can see the sulci and gyri. The longitudinal fissure is what separates the left and right hemispheres. The central sulcus separates the parietal lobe from the anterior lobe. It lies in between the precentral gyri (forms the motor strip) and postcentral (forms the primary sensory cortex) gyri. The lateral sulcus, also called the Sylvian fissure, is the most lateral boundary. It separates both the frontal lobe and parietal lobe, which are above, from the temporal lobe, which is below.ConclusionIn conclusion, we dissected the brain from the most outward layer to the deepest layer and from the most superior layer to the most inferior layer. We were a ble to do so by using Primal Pictures. Being able to look at each structure from all(prenominal) angle and different layers is very beneficial when first learning about them. This site gives very small representations of the structures and explanations of how each structure works, not only on its own, but as a whole. All the structures in the central nervous system that we observed are in some way related and allow for communication to take place, as well as allowing the central nervous system to function as it is supposed to.

Contribution of Functionalism Essay Example for Free

Contribution of Functionalism Es stateFunctionalists believe that everything in a rules of order contributes to the wellbeing and running of auberge, e.g. the government, the family, commandment etc. functionalists are concerned with the role of knowledge within society, Durkheim and Parsons fuck off identified 4 basic functions of education passing on societies culture this creates a consensus of shared norms and values. gentility also provides a yoke between particularistic values (judging particular individuals values) and ascribed status of the family (fixed by birth) and the universalist values (judging according to abstract set of standards). commandment provides society with a well-trained and qualified workforce. Finally reading selects and allocates masses to roles in a meritocratic society and legitimizes neighborly contrast. Functionalists believe that education benefits society as a whole, however Marxists argue that education benefits the ruling secern , while feminists see it as benefiting men. The idea that education passes on societys culture is criticised by Marxists, seeing education as promoting the values of author groups/ruling class.Hargreaves believes that education promotes competition and individualism rather than shared values. If education does provide a bridge between particularistic and universalistic values that education should promote kindly solidarity however education evict be divisive because the hierarchy of schools and universities can separate class. Education is meant to select the most appropriate people to do particular jobs, however other factors apart from qualifications influence the grate markets (e.g. social contracts), therefore promoting social inequality as a great deal of research shows that class, gender and ethnicity influence achievement, making the labour market unequal. Parsons also argues that schools provide a secondary socialisation. It teaches that relationships in society are bas ed on what people can do for us and what we can do for them it provides a form of social match and social solidarity, children learn deferred gratification whereby we cant always get what we want when we want it.Education also provides a transmission of culture values. Davis and Moore argue education sifts and sorts students out about in contrastive sets and leaving school at different times decides which jobs they end up doing and what class they are in. sifting and sorting can be done through and through banding and streaming students in to sets, and also through examination. twain Marxists and feminists see that schools play a major role in an excuse of social inequality the both show an interest in structural relationships of education and different parts of society e.g. the economy. Both prospective see the education system contributing a powerful influence on social solidarity. Marxists believe that the education system serves capitalism and keeps classes divided through banding and streaming.Education serves the needs of society according to functionalists, however Marxists believe that it teachers children to be submissive, through social control and the hidden curriculum. According to functionalists education explains social inequality, whereas it is argued by Marxists that education serves to justify a persons class position and say that is can be blamed on the individual rather than the unequal structure of society. Marxists view meritocracy as an illusion. Hasley believes that education fails to offer the same opportunity to lower social classes, as to the higher classes. Furthermore Functionalism provides some good points into the ways in which we understand education however it fails to see the realism of meritocracy and social class inequality. Functionalism relies on the assumption that everyone agrees to the norms and values of society, and that the system is meritocratic and equal to all within it.

The Need for Cultural Sensitivity in Multicultural Special Education Essay Example for Free

The Need for Cultural Sensitivity in Multicultural superfluous Education EssayTeachers in this changing multicultural society need to be aw ar of ch altogetherenges in teaching English Language Learners as well as African-American students. Labeling students this instant as having a attainment disability is a disservice not hardly to the student it is affecting, plainly also the entire school system. Teachers must learn to incorporate multicultural activities into their teaching style, which would allow them to connect with as many of their diverse students as possible. For many multicultural learners, the noble i smoke of leaving no child behind has not yielded the desired dividends in general and additional education. (Obiakor 148). I conceive that students of all heathenish backgrounds would benefit from their teacher being more sensitive to their diverse glossinesss and backgrounds. Festus E. Obiakors word regarding efficacious interference for Todays Schools portr ays a 9 year-old student named Ricardo whose teacher does not understand his culture and diversity. Ricardo spoke English with an accent, and had a hard time relating to his classmates. The teacher actually had made a melody that he was trouble and did not get along with his peers (148).Ricardo was ultimately labeled as having a expression disorder and was beat into a special education classroom. Unfortunately, this is an alarming trend that is occurring in our nations Ramirez 2 schools. Students learning English were disproportionately identified as having a disability in the three largest urban districts. (Turnbull 79). Obiakor notes in his article, that according to the U. S. Department of Education in 2001 that although Hispanic students made up 4% of the general in the public eye(predicate) school enrollments, there was a national average of 14% of these students being placed in special education serve(149).This is where teachers need to plough to the theory of cultural r elativism. If educators were able to know what it is like to be a member of the second culture and to view the world from that point of view, (Gollnick and Chin 17), teachers would be able to make better understand the necessarily of their students of various ethnic backgrounds. Rather than place them in special education services hastily, by understanding the other culture, teachers perhaps would stop judging the ethnic minority students behaviors as deviant, and put aside their cultural biases (Obiakor 149).If an educator gains an understanding of their students background, becoming in-tune with their cultural nuances, they will then begin to turn the tide of stereotyping these students as having special needs. Culturally biased standardized tests are also another actor that affects the student from another culture to be unfairly marked as needing special education. Unjustifiable trust on IQ and other evaluation tools, high-stakes testing, and power differentials between mino rity parents and schools may also be contributing variables.(Gollnick and Chin 185). Educators need to recognize that students may fail these tests due to differences in the childs cultural and linguistic backgrounds. Festus E. Obiakors article states that African American learners in special education are continuing to experience inadequate general and special education services. (p. 28) African American students are among the highest ethnic group placed in special education services, due to the process of over-referrals. With over-referrals, teachers tend to make Ramirez 3excessive referrals of students of distort for placement in special education classes for students with disabilities. (Gollnick and Chin 183) The disproportionate placement of students of color is one of the most problematic issues facing education (Gollnick and Chin 180). Many students, according to Obiakors article who attend urban settings are often labeled slow learners or learning disabled, which in turn ta kes them out of the running for higher educational opportunities(29).As is the case with Hispanic students, African American culture is not understood by the majority of teachers, most of whom have typically been White. I believe if teachers and administrators take on a culturally responsive aspect to their lessons, they eventually would stop making much(prenominal) rash assessments on these culturally diverse students, eventually allowing these students to be assessed according to their real capabilities, not ground on their ethnocentric attitudes and feelings.As a future educator, I realize the need to challenge myself and my peers to suffer culturally and emotionally sensitive to students of diverse backgrounds. Labeling a child as learning disabled when they are in fact not, is a tragedy that none of us should make. Multicultural students will not only have to deal with discrimination based on their race, but they will also have to deal with the negative connotation a special education label may bring to them.Teachers have such an important role in a childs life that it is important to try our trump not to negatively impact any child. By understanding how a culture learns, the teacher needs to develop a curriculum that is culturally and historically relevant to these children. Educators need to take into account the large learning styles of these students to make sure that we are not making the mistake of mislabeling a child as having a learning disability, when in fact, one is not present.References Obiakor, Festus E. (2007) Multicultural Special Education Effective Intervention For Todays Schools. Intervention In School and Clinic. Volume 42(3), pages 148-155. Obiakor, Festus E. (2010) African American Learners In Special Education A Close Look at Milwaukee. Intervention In School and Clinic. Volume 5(2), pages28-48. Turnbull, A. (2010) special Lives Special Education in Todays Schools. (R. Turnbull, Michael Wehmeyer, Eds. ) New Jersey Merrill.

Community and Culture Play a Role in Determining the Risk for Alcohol and Drug Abuse Essay Example for Free

Community and Culture Play a type in Determining the Risk for Alcohol and medicate Abuse EssaySubstance yell and dependance ar major problems in society today. Every segment of society, regardless of race, gender, or age is modifyed. few of the substances that are used grow naturally, whereas other(a)s are manufactured illicitly or even legitimately in laboratories. They may be smoked, inhaled, ingested, or injected and used for social, religious, or self-medicating purposes. The substances that are abused include caffeine, nicotine, alcoholic beverageic beverage, steroids, stimulants, depressants, heroin, cocaine and the distinguish goes on. Substance abuse ranks high among serious health problems. Since 1979 illicit do drugs use and alcohol custom has declined, but the widespread use of and dependence on these substances continues. Nicotine, now classified by the Food and Drug Administration as an addictive substance, is linked to to a greater extent deaths annually than AIDS, cancer, and other substances combined. Alcohol is also a major social problem today. Use and abuse of alcohol are a factor in contributing to injuries and death. The cost of substance abuse is increasing in our society. Lives are lost, and loss of work productivity costs millions of dollars each year.Alcohol is a factor in 40% of all motor fomite accidents, and alcohol and other drugs are often implicated in boating or athletic accidents. be include not only lives lost but also medical care, long-term services to the disabled, and increase insurance rates. Health care cost for clients that use alcohol, drugs, and nicotine are estimated to be greater than $160 cardinal annually. It has been confirmed that there is link between violence and alcohol and other drugs. Alcohol and drugs are a factor in vandalism on college campuses, date rape, sexual assault, and domestic violence.Under the influence of alcohol and drugs, young adults are more likely to engage in unsafe sex ual practices, and parents are more likely to abuse their children. Certain factors place some privates at greater risk than others for the development of abuse and dependence. Biological, mental, or environmental conditions may predispose a someone to the development of a drug or alcohol problem. Risk factors may include some of the following heavy use of alcohol and other drugs or the presence of abuse or dependency by family members, presence of psychological conflicts, which a person may attempt to resolve through drug use. other(a) factors that predict that there may be a risk for alcohol and drug abuse include some of the following Failure in school Rebelliousness and alienation Need for immediate gratification Lack of empathy Frequent lying insensitiveness to punishment The family which is the most powerful unit of socialization transmits cultural beliefs, myths, and values about alcohol and drug use. Also peers, and media personalities deliver messages about drug use, dr ug-using lifestyles, and the use of wines and spirits are subject of cultural traditions of families. some(prenominal) groups have used wine strictly for celebratory purposes, others for religious rituals, and some for sustenance. Many cultural groups do not consider alcohol a drug. The entrust is that among galore(postnominal) groups a double standard exists for alcohol and other drugs. Illicit drugs are considered dangerous and unhealthy, but alcohol is accepted and not considered threatening to the individual family, or society. However alcohol and drugs can be threatening to the individual, family, and our society. Substance abuse is known to affect ones behavior and personality.Abusers are known to be manipulative and often are in denial. One of the sterling(prenominal) consequences of alcohol abuse is the physiological damage that can be done. Alcohol is absorbed directly from the hold and exerts system depression and physiological effects throughout the body almost immedi ately. In low doses, alcohol produces relaxation, loss of inhibition, loss of concentration, drowsiness, slurred speech, and sleep apnea. When alcohol or any drug of abuse is end abruptly by a person who is physiologically dependent they may begin to experience withdrawals. bombardment of symptoms of withdrawals begins within 6-12 hours following the cessation or reduction of the drug or alcohol. Withdrawal must be treated, if not withdrawal may progress to withdrawal delirium untreated delirium may result in death. Treatment can be approached on several different bases. Inpatient hospitalization is normally a 2 to 4 week hospitalization in a unit of a ecumenic hospital, residential treatment center or psychiatric hospital therapy provides corrective emotional experiences. This atmosphere provides safety, restricts bother to the drug, and monitors self-destructive behavior.Detoxification Is a supervised medical regimen to withdraw the client from drugs that have induced psycholog ical and physiological dependence. Rehabilitation is usually at a long-term hospital that addresses all phases of treatment. In many areas halfway houses serve as a rehabilitation facility that provides a sheltered and emotionally and financially instigateive environment with peers. Counseling is a useful and effective means it can be administered on an individual basis or in family counseling. Support groups would be another effective means to support a person with substance-related disorders and their families.There are many groups modeled on the Twelve-Step approach of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). Other groups include Narcotics Anonymous (NA), Al-Anon (ANA), Adult Children of Alcoholics (ACOA), Sex and love addicts Anonymous (SLAA) and Ala-Teen (ALAT). These are a few of the self-help groups that can be contacted in our communities to help those who are abusing or have friends or family members who are abusers. Most of these groups are free of charge and are conducted by people wh o have abused and are now recovering.

The Presence of Fear in Lord of the Flies Essay Example for Free

The Presence of Fear in Lord of the Flies EssayThe presence of maintenance in Lord of the Flies Lord of the Flies is a relatively short book, but within its piffling amount of text William Golding is able to do much more(prenominal) than tell an exciting story. He diggings deep into human nature and the natural corruption in peoples souls. He specifically explores the impact that fear has on people and how it makes them act. In Goldings eyes, humans are doomed ripe as the children on the island are, and that is because of fear. He believes that just the presence of terror causes people to overreact and lose familiar sense, tearing away at the bonds that hold society together.In an attempt to calm or soothe their worries, people end up separating, singling expose others and letting their inner savage take over, leaving themselves in an eve worse situation. In Lord of the Flies, fear slowly drives all common sense and civility out of the boys and brings them back to a stat e of atrocity. The boys are scared from the beginning of the novel. At first, they are too excited about having an island to themselves to exist upon their insecurities, but nonetheless they are there.The fear is not openly shown or discussed, but the boys are already subconsciously trying to cover it up. The boys do such things such as singling out Piggy in an attempt to make themselves feel more powerful and in control. Then, Jack pulls a knife on the piglet to try to show power and also to try to show immunity to fear, however, when he did so his face was white under the freckles. (31). Jack is already trying to act tough but at this point this cover that he puts on to hide from the fear has not reached nearly the point of savagery that it does later in the story.It is not until the first fire that the boys begin to openly show fear and even then they quickly change the subject. The cause of this realization of reality is that one of the littleuns disappears. The idea of making a rescue fire is so exciting that they let it get out of control. When the fire burns out they actualize that one of the children is missing. When asked what has happened to the child with the mark on his face Ralph replies by saying Perhaps he went back to the, the-. . He knows what has happened, the boy was burned to death, but he does not want to admit it.This is want a wakeup call for the boys and they start to see the reality and the dangers of the situation. As the novel continues the fear is progressively festering in all of the children. By page 59, the fear of not knowing what would happen to them and if they would ever be rescued had grown to the point where the littleuns suffered from untold terrors in the dark and they huddled together for comfort. The littleuns were certainly agoraphobic but had no way to really explain their fear or anything to blame it on.It is for this reason that they subconsciously create the savage. At first the biguns are too old and matu re to believe in this beast. They realize that it is a figment of the littleuns imaginations and dont give it much thought. However, as their fear of world alone and not being rescued grows, so does their need for something concrete to aim their insecurities toward and to distract them from their real problem. This causes the biguns to begin to lose their common sense and to believe in the beast as well.Simon sees this, but when he tells the others maybe its only us, (89) referring to the beast he is laughed off. The other boys will not even consider Simons ideas because they have convinced themselves that the beast is reality. As their fear grows so does their image of the beast, and unfortunately their savagery grows as well. This is most evident in Jack. When he is hunting he feels powerful. He is in control and he loves it. Hunting starts to become more than just a food source, it becomes his life. Not only does his hunting activity increase in frequency, it also becomes more a nd more vicious.

New Paradigms in the Study of the Civil War Essay Example for Free

New Paradigms in the Study of the elegant struggle EssayA courtly fight is a struggle surrounded by organized groups at bottom the same nation state or republic, or, less comm scarce, between two countries created from a formerly unify nation state. The forecast of one incline may be to take misrepresent of the country or a region, to achieve liberty for a region, or to change g everyplacenment policies. well-be submitd wars since the end of instauration contend II take hold lasted on average just everywhere four years, a outstanding rise from the one-and-a-half year average of the 1900-1944 period. While the set of emergence of new elegant wars has been relatively lull since the mid-19th speed of light, the increasing length of those wars resulted in increasing spells of wars ongoing at every one time.For example, at that place were no more(prenominal) than five cultivated wars at a lower placeway simultaneously in the first half of the twentieth ce ntury, sequence over 20 concurrent well-behaved wars were breathering at the end of the frigidity War, before a significant decrease as conflicts strongly associated with the superpower rivalry came to an end. Since 1945, civil wars have resulted in the deaths of over 25 million people, as well as the forced displacement of millions more. Civil wars have set ahead resulted in economic collapse Somalia, Burma, Uganda and Angola ar examples of nations that were considered to have promising futures before being engulfed in civil wars. Formal classificationJames Fearon, a scholar of civil wars at Stanford University, defines a civil war as a violent conflict within a country fought by organized groups that aim to take power at the center or in a region, or to change presidency policies. The Correlates of War, a dataset widely use by scholars of conflict, classifies civil wars as having over 1000 war-related casualties per year of conflict. This rate is a small fraction of the mil lions killed in the Second Sudanese Civil War and Cambodian Civil War, for example, but excludes several(prenominal) highly publicized conflicts, such as The Troubles of Northern Ireland and the struggle of the African study relative in Apartheid-era South Africa. That the Party in revolt against the de jure organisation possesses an organized military force, an spot responsible for its acts, acting within a determinate territory and having the means of respecting and ensuring respect for the Convention.That the legal Government is obliged to have recourse to the regular military forces against insurgents organized as military and in self-denial of a part of the national territory. That the de jure Government has recognized the insurgents as belligerents or That it has claimed for itself the rights of a belligerent or That it has accorded the insurgents recognition as belligerents for the purposes only of the present Convention or That the dispute has been admitted to the agend a of the Security Council or the General Assembly of the United Nations as being a threat to global peace, a pique of the peace, or an act of aggression.That the insurgents have an organization purporting to have the characteristics of a State.That the insurgent civil assurance exercises de facto eventiveness over the population within a determinate portion of the national territory.That the armed forces act under the direction of an organized authority and are prepared to observe the ordinary laws of war. That the insurgent civil authority agrees to be bound by the provisions of the Convention.Causes of civil war in the Collier-Hoeffler ModelScholars investigating the reach of civil war are draw ined by two opposing theories, greed versus grievance. Roughly stated are conflicts caused by who people are, whether that be defined in terms of ethnicity, religion or other genial affiliation, or do conflicts begin because it is in the economic best interests of individuals and gr oups to start them? Scholarly analysis accepts the remnant that economic and structural factors are more important than those of identity in predicting occurrences of civil war. A comprehensive examination studies of civil war was carried out by a team from the World Bank in the advance(prenominal) 21st century.The study framework, which came to be called the Collier-Hoeffler Model, examined 78 five-year increments when civil war occurred from 1960 to 1999, as well as 1,167 five-year increments of no civil war for comparison, and subjected the data set to regression analysis to see the found of various factors. The factors that were shown to have a statistically significant effect on the chance that a civil war would occur in any given five-year period were Availability of financeA high proportion of prime commodities in national exports significantly increases the risk of a conflict. A country at peak danger, with commodities comprising 32% of gross domestic product, has a 22 % risk of falling into civil war in a given five-year period, while a country with no immemorial commodity exports has a 1% risk. When disaggregated, only petroleum and non-petroleum groupings showed different results a country with relatively low levels of dependence on petroleum exports is at slightly less risk, while a high-level of dependence on oil as an export results in slightly more risk of a civil war than national dependence on another primary commodity.The authors of the study interpreted this as being the result of the ease by which primary commodities may be extorted or captured compared to other forms of wealth, for example, it is easy to capture and control the output of a specie mine or oil field compared to a sector of garment manufacturing or hospitality services. A second source of finance is national diasporas, which can fund rebellions and insurgencies from abroad.The study found that statistically shift the sizing of a countrys diaspora from the smallest fou nd in the study to the largest resulted in a sixfold increase in the chance of a civil war. Low per capita income has been proposed as a cause for grievance, prompting armed rebellion. However, for this to be true, one would expect economic in fittedity to also be a significant factor in rebellions, which it is not. The study thitherfore concluded that the economic model of opportunity cost better explained the findings. Population sizeThe various factors contributing to the risk of civil war rise increase with population size. The risk of a civil war rises approximately proportionately with the size of a countrys population. Gleditsch et al. did not find a consanguinity between ethnic groups with polygyny and increase frequency of civil wars but nations having legal polygamy may have more civil wars. They argued that misogyny is a better explanation than polygyny. They found that increased womens rights were are associated with less civil wars and that legal polygamy had no effect after womens rights were controlled for. Duration of civil warsAnn Hironaka, author of Neverending Wars, divides the modern account statement of civil wars into the pre-19th century, 19th century to early 20th century, and late 20th century. In 19th-century Europe, the length of civil wars fell significantly, largely due to the nature of the conflicts as battles for the power center of the state, the strength of centralized organisations, and the normally quick and fatal interference by other states to support the government. Following World War II the duration of civil wars grew past the norm of the pre-19th century, largely due to weakness of the many post colonial states and the intervention by major powers on both sides of conflict. The most obvious commonality to civil wars are that they occur in fragile states. Civil wars in the 19th and early 20th centuriesCivil wars by the 19th century to early 20th century tended to be short the average length of a civil war between 1 900 and 1944 was one and half years. The state itself was the obvious center of authority in the majority of cases, and the civil wars were thus fought for control of the state. This meant that whoever had control of the capital and the military could normally crush resistance. If a rebellion failed to promptly seize the capital and control of the military for itself, it was normally doomed to a quick destruction.For example, the fighting associated with the 1871 genus Paris Commune occurred almost entirely in Paris, and ended quickly once the military sided with the government. The power of non-state actors resulted in a lower value placed on sovereignty in the 18th and 19th centuries, which however reduced the number of civil wars. For example, the pirates of the Barbary Coast were recognized as de facto states because of their military power. The Barbary pirates thus had no compulsion to rebel against the Ottoman Empire, who were their nominal state government, to gain recogni tion for their sovereignty. Conversely, states such as Virginia and Massachusetts in the United States of America did not have sovereign status, but had significant semipolitical and economic independence coupled with weak federal control, reducing the incentive to secede.The two major global ideologies, monarchism and democracy, led to several civil wars. However, a bi-polar world, divided between the two ideologies, did not develop, largely due the dominance of monarchists through most of the period. The monarchists would thus normally intervene in other countries to stop democratic movements taking control and forming democratic governments, which were seen by monarchists as being both dangerous and unpredictable. The Great Powers, defined in the 1815 Congress of Vienna as the United Kingdom, Habsburg Austria, Prussia, France, and Russia, would frequently coordinate interventions in other nations civil wars, nearly of all time on the side of the incumbent government. Given the m ilitary strength of the Great Powers, these interventions were nearly always decisive and quickly ended the civil wars. There were several exceptions from the general rule of quick civil wars during this period.The American Civil War was unusual for at least two reasons it was fought around regional identities, rather than political ideologies, and it was ended through a war of attrition, rather than over a decisive battle over control of the capital, as was the norm. The Spanish Civil War was exceptional because both sides of the war received support from intervening great powers Germany, Italy, and Portugal supported impedance leader Francisco Franco, while France and the Soviet Union supported the government . Civil wars since 1945In the 1990s, almost twenty civil wars were occurring concurrently during an average year, a rate about ten times the historical average since the 19th century. However, the rate of new civil wars had not increased appreciably the drastic rise in the number of ongoing wars after World War II was a result of the tripling of the average duration of civil wars to over four years. This increase was a result of the increased number of states, the fragility of states formed after 1945, the decline in interstate war, and the ice-cold War rivalry. Following World War II, the major European powers divested themselves of their colonies at an increasing rate the number of ex-colonial states jumped from about 30 to almost 120 after the war. The rate of state formation leveled off in the 1980s, at which point few colonies remained. More states also meant more states in which to have long civil wars.Hironaka statistically measures the impact of the increased number of ex-colonial states as increasing the post-WWII incidence of civil wars by +clxv% over the pre-1945 number. While the new ex-colonial states appeared to follow the blueprint of the idealized state centralized government, territory envelop by defined borders, and citizenry with defined rights -, as well as accessories such as a national flag, an anthem, a seat at the United Nations and an official economic policy, they were in actuality far weaker than the Hesperian states they were modeled after. In Western states, the structure of governments tight matched states actual capabilities, which had been arduously developed over centuries. The phylogenesis of strong administrative structures, in particular those related to extraction of taxes, is closely associated with the intense warfare between predatory European states in the 17th and 18th centuries, or in Charles Tillys famous formulation War made the state and the state made war.For example, the formation of the modern states of Germany and Italy in the 19th century is closely associated with the wars of expansion and consolidation led by Prussia and Sardinia, respectively. Such states are considered weak or fragile. The strong-weak categorization is not the same as Western-non-Western, as some Latin American states like Argentina and Brazil and midriff Eastern states like Egypt and Israel are considered to have strong administrative structures and economic infrastructure. Historically, the multinational community would have targeted weak states for territorial reserve absorption or colonial domination or, alternatively, such states would fragment into pieces small nice to be effectively administered and secured by a local power. However, international norms towards sovereignty changed in the wake of WWII in ways that support and maintain the existence of weak states.Weak states are given de jure sovereignty equal to that of other states, even when they do not have de facto sovereignty or control of their own territory, including the privileges of international diplomatic recognition and an equal vote in the United Nations. Further, the international community offers development help to weak states, which helps maintain the facade of a functioning modern state by giving the coming into court that the state is capable of fulfilling its implied responsibilities of control and order. The formation of a strong international law regime and norms against territorial aggression is strongly associated with the dramatic drop in the number of interstate wars, though it has also been attributed to the effect of the chilliness War or to the changing nature of economic development.Consequently, military aggression that results in territorial annexation became increasingly likely to prompt international condemnation, diplomatic censure, a reduction in international aid or the introduction of economic sanction, or, as in the case of 1990 invasion of Kuwait by Iraq, international military intervention to reverse the territorial aggression. Similarly, the international community haslargely refused to recognize secessionist regions, while keeping some secessionist self-declared states such as Taiwan in diplomatic recognition limbo. While there is not a large body of a cademic work examining the relationship, Hironakas statistical study found a correlation that suggests that every major international anti-secessionist declaration increased the number of ongoing civil wars by +10%, or a total +114% from 1945 to 1997. The diplomatic and legal protection given by the international community, as well as economic support to weak governments and discouragement of secession, thus had the unintended effect of encouraging civil wars.There has been an enormous amount of international intervention in civil wars since 1945 that served to transcend wars. While intervention has been practiced since the international system has existed, its nature changed substantially. It became common for both the state and opposition group to receive extraneous support, allowing wars to continue well past the point when domestic resources had been exhausted. Superpowers, such as the European great powers, had always felt no compunction in intervening in civil wars that affec ted their interests, while distant regional powers such as the United States could declare the interventionist Monroe Doctrine of 1821 for events in its Central American backyard.However, the large population of weak states after 1945 allowed intervention by former colonial powers, regional powers and neighboring states who themselves often had scarce resources. On average, a civil war with interstate intervention was 300% longer than those without. When disaggregated, a civil war with intervention on only one side is 156% longer, while intervention on both sides lengthens the average civil war by an addition 92%. If one of the intervening states was a superpower, a civil war is extended a further 72% a conflict such as the Angolan Civil War, in which there is two-sided foreign intervention, including by a superpower, would be 538% longer on average than a civil war without any international intervention. Effect of the Cold WarThe Cold War provided a global network of strong and id eological support that perpetuated civil wars, which were mainly fought in weak ex-colonial states, rather than the relatively strong states that were line up with the Warsaw Pact and North Atlantic Treaty Organization.In some cases, superpowers would superimpose Cold War ideology onto local conflicts, while in others local actors using Cold War ideology would attract the attention of a superpower to obtain support. Using a separate statistical evaluation than used above for interventions, civil wars that taked pro- or anti-communist forces lasted 141% longer than the average non-Cold War conflict, while a Cold War civil war that attracted superpower intervention resulted in wars typically lasting over ternary times as long as other civil wars. Conversely, the end of the Cold War marked by the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 resulted in a reduction in the duration of Cold War civil wars of 92% or, phrased another way, a roughly ten-fold increase in the rate of gag law of Cold W ar civil wars. Lengthy Cold War-associated civil conflicts that ground to a halt include the wars of Guatemala, El Salvador and Nicaragua . See alsoThe Logic of Violence in Civil WarWar of licenseWars of national liberationReferences

Aging Workforce in Singapore Essay Example for Free

Aging men in Singapore EssayPopulations in many developed countries atomic number 18 senescence, and Singapore is no exception. The prototypic batch of post-war baby boomers go out reach 65 years of age by 2012. The number of seniors give increase from 8.4% in 2005 to 18.7% in 2030 (refer to Table 1).According to the 2010 Population Report,The proportion of occupiers (i.e. citizens and PRs) aged 65 and to a higher place increased from 7.0% of the resident macrocosm in 1999 to 8.8% in 2009. Correspondingly, the number of im get alonger residents aged 15-64 for every resident aged 65 and above (i.e. the old-age support ratio) fell from 10. 1 in 1999 to 8.3 in 2009 (refer to Table 2). (Singapore part of Statistics, 2010, p. 4) Today, iodin out of every 12 Singaporeans is aged 65 or above. By 2030, this ratio will become one out of five.On January 2011, the parliament has passed down the refreshed employment law of changing to retirement age from 62 to the age of 65 fr om January 2012. This is a good news to many Singaporeans who entangle that they are still capable of stimulateing beyond the retirement age of 62 (Nayak, 2011, para. 3).An ageing population brings both chall(a)enges and opportunities, having tremendous effect on all parts of our society individuals, families, communities, businesses and goernment. thusly, we ought to prepare early for the challenges of an ageing population to ensure the well-being of our seniors and their families to provide the first line of support. At the same metre, we moldiness be ready to seize the economic opportunities that will emerge from the demographic shift.Aging Workforce in the Hotel diligence With relevance to the study demographic trends, age population, this revolution will change the face of our tote market. Correspondingly, the reckonforce is not only ageing, but as well growing at a much slower pace. Increasingly, companies are facing problems in scratching replacements for retirin g employees. This is a reality that companies afford to grapple with and adapt to. Nevertheless, not all companies are being affected equally nor are they moving at the same rate to attain and address how the ageing trend will be impacting their businesses.Impacts In the hospitality indus turn in, service is the factor that oppositeiates hotels from its competitors. Therefore with a large amount of senescence workforce in the frontline, it will bring down the emblem of the hotel in terms of appearance a jr. worker would look fresher and possess a better appeal to guests. As a guest of a hotel overseas, he or she would be preferent to be served by younger workers than people of an old age.As old(a) employees are naturally much prone to illnesses, they would tend to take more medical leaves thus decreasing the manpower. When one gets sick, it affects the employees mood to work and thus less concentration when working. This in turn reduces the efficiency of the operations of hotels. In addition, the needs and fire changes with aging workforce. According to the study by Tripartite Alliance for Fair Employment Practices (TAFEP) (2010), rising wellness and insurance costs, concern about physical abilities, and adaptability/willingness were ranked as the top three challenges (p. 3).With the ever changing preferences and needs of the society, hotels have to endlessly upgrade their standard of services. However, older employees may not be fitted out(p) with latest skills and knowledge needed to achieve the hotels competitive advantage. Thus, there is a need to constantly upgrade the skills of their older employees. Older employees are more resistant to changes and melioratements. This may be mainly receivable to their thinking of already having the appropriate experience and knowledge and there is no need for hike up training, oddly in the situation of leapfrogging, where a younger worker is put in charge of a more experienced worker.Many hotels will have an advantage by having a large pool of of age(p) employees. It is mainly because there are many job positions which young employees would be unwilling to take up. most time, foreigners would be hired to fill up the rest of the job va rottercies that do not appeal to the young employees however, hotels earth-closet have an otherwise avenue of recruitment the old workforce. This will give hotels a expectant advantage to handpick the best candidates out of the pool of elderly workforce.In hotels, there are certain positions that elderly employees occupy, for example managerial positions. Being loyal to the company, they would not want to leave their positions easily as compared to the younger workforce who usually job hops for a better pay. This relieves the hotels need to constantly recruit and train new workers, thus dishing to cut the costs during the process of recruitment and training.Challenges A) The Human preference (HR) unit has a challenge to allocate the older em ployees in suitable positions that is beneficial for both the hotel and the aging workforce. The HR unit also has to ensure that the hotel would maintain a good image and increases their productivity. There is also a need for the HR unit to create a supportive culture for the older workers in order to manage such diverse workforce.B) Keeping older employees motivated at work along with the right attitude is important when serving their customers. In addition, with the older employees being more prone to illnesses, hotels have to struggle with ways to keep their costs low and at the same time provide enough medical benefits for them. During such periods it is more crucial for managers and supervisors to show them care and patience.C) Values tend to change from one propagation to another as well as during different life stages. The thinking of the older generation is more conservative than those of the younger generation. It would thus be a challenge for the hotels wanting the older employees to improve their values in their job scope. With a more conservative mindset and thinking, they would be afraid to try new things and be more innovative.In turn, the hotel will lose its competitiveness if new changes are adopted. Hence, the HR unit in a hotel has to place their older employees in the most relevant training to admirer them prepare for changes in their current jobs. Besides that, older employees would normally take a longer time to adapt to changes, thus the management has to work out appropriate schedules to help their employees to have a tight-laced balance with their job and trainings.D) Older employees tend to have more skills and knowledge in the industry ascribable to the experiences they have gone through. Retaining this skills and knowledge is critical for hotels to ensure that the younger generation will also have these basic skills and knowledge as a platform for them to have an advantage over their competitors.E) Although there is a need to c onfine these skills and knowledge, there will definitely be a time when one has to retire. However, the aging workforce is usually reluctant to leave their positions as they are emotionally attached to the hotel. This would be a challenge for the hotel to find ways to recruit younger employees, without resulting in excess manpower and high costs, particularly for positions in the higher management. If the hotel were to retain most of the older employees, they may miss opportunities on recruiting young employees who can be a more priceless asset to the hotels which helps to bring their standards to a higher level.Solutions It is time for employers to croak responding to the potential consequences of the ageing workforce on their businesses. If not well-prepared, employers may find themselves suddenly faced with labour loss, experience and expertise that will be difficult to offset, given the relatively small pool of new employees. With many companies facing the same problem, compe tition for new talents is analogously to surface.A) Hotels can have interviews to know which areas older employees would prefer to work in and the languages they can speak. With the information gathered, hotels will be able to know their strengths and weaknesses which help to determine where to allocate each individual. With the proper job assignment, hotels will be able to maintain a good image, by reassigning the older employees with language barriers to the backhouse such as room attendant. This go aways them to be in their allay zone and after getting used to their task, the productivity will be maximized in both the frontline and backhouse.B) In order to keep older employees engaged and motivated, it is vital for the HR department to maintain constant dialogue with the older employees and understand any problems, issues and concerns that they are encountering. By treating their employees like family members, it may be a major job happiness-driver for them and thus motivatin g them to do better for the hotel. Besides that, parley and treating each other with esteem ensures that the spirit of their employees is always high. Through job empowerment, employees will have more decision making responsibilities and then they will feel more respected as an employee as they are given a misfortune to handle more difficult situation on their own. As for medical benefits, hotels can pay a certain percentage of their medical fees. For example, the hotels will pay 50% of their employees medical fees while the other 50% is paid by the employees.C) Facing the challenge that older generation is more conservative, companies can revolve around on creating a positive work environment for older employees by allowing malleable hours, more communication and constantly motivating them. Some of the actions can be allowing the older employees to have an option to consider different jobs and different sets of responsibilities. Some older employees may wish to devote their l ater career years to jobs that allow them to develop new competencies. Others may want jobs that are less demanding, these older employees may be fire in making transitions to different jobs within the company or make lateral moves or take down to lower positions with a pay reduction. Other than that, the hotel can allow them to have a choice over the number of hours worked and provide them with flexible schedule for trainings. For example, older employees work on reduced-hours such as underemployed or job sharing, so as to schedule the rest of their time for trainings that are arranged for them.D) To retain the skills and knowledge, the older employees can train and guide the younger employees before they retire to ensure that the skills and knowledge are passed down. After retirement, they can come back and help out by overlooking and having workshops to give further training that is needed.E) To attract the younger people, creative ways are needed. For example, the hotel can c ome up with a program like the popular show The Apprentice by Donald Trump to search for the best employee. However, we must ensure there is no excessive pool of manpower and costs are kept low. The hotels can allow their older employees to be on-call workers or have flexible work schedules. On-call workers are employees who are called to work only when needed, although they can be scheduled for work for several days or weeks in a row. In days when the hotels need a massive number of employees, the on-call workers will be called back. By providing flexible work schedules, older employees are allowed to plan their work schedules with the choice over the number of hours worked. This will go the retirement period for older employees by allowing them to work but at a lesser duration, so that younger employees have the chance to excel and there will not be a special or shortage in the manpower.Case Study Royal office on Scott The Royal Plaza on Scott is a 5-star leading hotel in Singa pore. 50% of the hotel 300 employees are classified under the mature and older category. The company recognized the importance of mature employees and has sets out strategy as Singapore faces world capital challenge of managing a mature and older workforce. According to Fiat (2010),The mature employees are valuable assets to the organization as they are able to share their wealth of experience with the younger employees. The hotel taps on their expertise by pairing the mature employees with the younger generation of new hires to provide guidance and gain cohesiveness. The hotel also implemented a buddy system where a new mature employee is paired with a younger co-worker or vice versa to work together and learn from each other. For example, younger employees may learn from mature and older employees on how to handle difficult customers while guiding their older colleagues on the effective usage of technology at the workplace. (TAFEP, p. 45)Royal Plaza on Scott has developed recrui tment strategies like implementing Flexible Working Arrangements (FWA), where there is a flexible work arrangement which includes flexi-time, part time, job shares and mat workweeks. Health benefits and programmes will also be implemented including regular health screening, health talk, yoga courses, sushi-making classes and others. This is to encourage for a healthy work life balance. Another great strategy used is to set up a Recreational Committee that was assigned to take care of the well being of co-worker. This committee will be in charge of organizing health awareness events, initiatives to create awareness of healthy lifestyle as well as to bond employees of difference generations (TAFEP, 2010, p.46).